Bovine mastitis is one of the most common and costly diseases in the dairy industry. It is estimated that mastitis can reduce milk production by up to 30% per affected cow, while also increasing veterinary costs and causing milk losses due to quality issues. For these reasons, it is one of the most frequently searched topics among producers, veterinarians, and students of veterinary medicine.
In this article, we will explore what mastitis is, its most frequent causes, and effective strategies for prevention and control, combining a scientific approach with practical applications.
What is Bovine Mastitis?
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland, mainly caused by bacterial infections, although fungi or physical injuries can also be responsible. The condition reduces milk quality, increases somatic cell counts, and negatively impacts animal welfare.
There are two main types:
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Clinical mastitis: visible symptoms such as changes in milk, udder swelling, and pain.
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Subclinical mastitis: no obvious signs, but detected through laboratory tests or somatic cell counts.
Main Causes of Mastitis
The most common infectious agents include:
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Streptococcus agalactiae
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Escherichia coli
Risk factors:
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Poor hygiene in the milking parlor.
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Improperly maintained or calibrated milking equipment.
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Environmental stress (humidity, heat, overcrowding).
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Nutritional deficiencies that weaken the immune system.
Common Symptoms
Clinical mastitis often presents with:
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Swollen, warm, and painful udder.
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Milk with clots, discoloration, or pus.
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Decrease in milk yield.
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In severe cases: fever, loss of appetite, and lethargy.
Subclinical mastitis, though silent, causes major economic losses and requires diagnostic tests such as the California Mastitis Test (CMT).
Scientific Diagnosis
Modern diagnosis combines traditional methods with advanced technology:
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Bacteriological culture: to identify the causative agent.
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Real-time PCR: fast and accurate identification.
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Biosensors: emerging technologies for real-time detection during milking.
Effective Control Strategies
Prevention is the most cost-effective solution for mastitis. Recommended measures include:
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Strict hygiene in milking (pre- and post-milking teat disinfection).
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Post-milking teat dipping with disinfectants.
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Regular equipment maintenance and calibration.
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Dry cow therapy to prevent new infections during the dry period.
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Balanced nutrition programs to support immune function.
Conclusion
Bovine mastitis not only reduces profitability but also impacts animal welfare and milk safety. A comprehensive program based on prevention, monitoring, and early diagnosis is essential for effective control.
At BovinosVirtual, we train farmers, veterinarians, and technicians in best practices for reproductive, health, and production management in cattle.
